American history homework help. HISTORY 201-AF [Thursday, May 07, 2020, 12Noon Sharp]
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These Exam Questions Are From the Textbook, Lecture Outlines, and PowerPoint Notes. Carefully Spell and Type Your Answers! Each Question (81) Is Worth Two (2) Points = 162 Total Points!!!
- What term referred to an outdoor religious meeting that often lasted days
and were conducted enthusiastically?
- In the early republic, what was the group of congressmen that traditionally
chose the party’s presidential candidates, though by the 1820s, the
American public distrusted it as undemocratic since it represented only the
party currently in power?
- What was claimed by Andrew Jackson and his supporters that was made in
the election of 1824 when Henry Clay allegedly sold his support during the
House vote in the disputed election of John Quincy Adams?
- What doctrine argued that the Union was a voluntary compact between
sovereign states, and that states were the ultimate judges of the validity of
federal law, and as such, could break the compact if they wished?
- What term refers to government jobs that were given out to the political
supporters of the winning party, regardless of ability or the act of awarding
them government contracts, often based on political favoritism rather than
on abilities?
- What system operates by which the victorious political party rewards its
supporters with government jobs?
- What term is used to describe the end of slavery?
- What descriptive adjective referred to an informal group of advisers to
President Andrew Jackson?
- What phrase referred to the belief that the United States was destined to
grow from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Arctic to the tropics?
- What term referred to Spanish-speaking settlers of Texas?
- What term referred to the act of abstaining from the partaking of alcoholic
beverages?
- What system permits all adult males to vote without regard to property,
religious, or race qualifications or limitations?
- What term refers to metal money or coins, usually made of gold or silver?
- What political party appeared in the 1820s and favored government action
to improve the nation and the lives of its citizens? It ran its last
presidential candidate in 1852.
- What was employed in Congress from 1846-1844 to avoid debating the
thousands of anti-slavery petitions that were pouring in from abolitionist
Northerners?
- What was founded in 1826 after the murder of a man who had published a
book about the Masonic Order’s secret rituals, becoming a single-issue
party aimed at destroying what seemed like the pervasive power of a
sinister conspiracy?
- What was the Whigs’ euphonious campaign slogan in 1840 which referred
to William Henry Harrison’s victory over the Indians of the Old Northwest
almost 30 years previously and to their Vice presidential candidate?
- What was President Andrew Jackson’s 1836 directive to the Treasury
Department to accept only gold and silver coin in payment for federal
lands?
- Which Massachusetts Whig politician (1782–1852) was usually
considered the greatest orator in an age of great orators? In a Senate
debate with Robert Hayne over the doctrine of nullification in 1830, he made
an eloquent plea for the Union against state sovereignty as the wellspring
of American liberty.
- Who was one (1815–1902) of the founders of American feminism,
resenting the disabilities she suffered because of her gender from
girlhood? In 1840, on her wedding trip to Europe, she and several other
women were denied the right to sit on the floor of an antislavery convention.
From then on, while raising seven children, she devoted her life to winning
the vote and professional opportunities for women and reforming divorce
laws.
- What was founded in 1817 to help free blacks emigrate to West Africa? It
hoped that by answering slave owners’ fears of a large free black
population in the United States, they would be encouraged to free their
slaves.
- Who were the daughters of a distinguished and wealthy South Carolina
planter and slave owner, becoming abolitionists, and then, despite their
social standing, they were harassed violently, so they moved to the North?
Both were active members of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
- a) b)
- What was the name given to an old, largely abandoned mission compound
in San Antonio, Texas. (It refers to “cottonwood tree.”) It became the
symbol of Texan independence when, in March 1836, Mexican president
Santa Anna defeated a handful of defenders there and executed the
survivors.
- In 1844 what politician of Tennessee was the Democratic Party’s nominee
when delegates who favored the annexation of Texas refused to accept
Martin Van Buren, the party’s most prominent leader?
- What was a popular slogan in 1845, which referred to the northern
boundary of the Oregon Country (the southern boundary of Russian
Alaska)? If Great Britain did not yield the whole of Oregon,
the United States would go to war. President Polk used the patriotic
hysteria behind the slogan but had no intention of going to war with Britain
in an attempt to win the northern part of Oregon (now British Columbia),
where there was no American presence worth mentioning.
- What appellation referred originally to a major party’s candidate for the
presidency who had not been considered a possible nominee, but who
was selected by the party when it was unable to agree on serious
contenders?
- What was the name given to a swath of land across western New York that
experienced one religious excitement after another in the 1820s, 1830s,
and 1840s? It was a hotbed of religious mania and experimentation.
- What term was used to describe the invasion or attempt to invade various
Latin American areas to attempt to add them to the slaveholding regions of
the United States? The word originated from a Spanish word meaning a
freebooter or pirate.
- What was the catchword applied to the aggressive defense of slavery that
was a response to the abolitionist movement during the 1830s? Most
white Southerners had considered slavery at best a necessary evil
saddled on the South by history.
- What term by which white Southerners referred to slavery was a
euphemistic alternative to saying the word slavery, just as 18th-century
slave owners had called their slaves “servants” and 19th-century planters
often called their slaves “my people?”
- What was the appellaetion for the political period from the mid-1790s to the
1850s, when the Whig Party fell apart, during which (1) the Federalists and
the Jefferson Republicans competed for power in the United States, (2) the
Federalists disintegrated after the War of 1812 and, (3) until 1824, the
Republicans were effectively the only American party, (4) in 1828 the
Democratic-Republicans, later the Democratic Party, cohered under the
leadership of Andrew Jackson, (5) in 1834 the Whig Party was organized in
opposition to the Democrats, and the emergence of a new Republican
Party?
- What was the most popular form of theater among working men of the
Northern cities, whereby White men in blackface portrayed African
Americans in song and dance?
- What term and social group developed in the early 19th century, and mostly
included large-city and country merchants, master craftsmen who had
turned themselves into manufacturers, and the mass of market-oriented
farmers? The social status first developed in New England, and many of
such values prevalent in areas of the United States were based on New
England morality.
- What word refers to the act of having more than one wife?
- What were the military posts constructed by the Spanish to protect the
settlers from hostile Indians and to keep non-Spanish settlers from the
area?
- What word refers to an attitude that favors the interest of native-born
Americans over immigrants?
- What word refers to multi-unit dwellings erected to house factory and mill
workers and their families? The first were constructed in New York in
1833.
- What were established throughout the country during the mid-1800s by
religious groups seeking to escape from existing social organizations?
- What appellation refers to Spanish-speaking people whose families had
been residents of California for many years, often generations.
- What school of thought emphasized the spirituality of the natural world and
viewed social institutions as stifling of the human spirit?
- What political organization of the 1850s favored temperance and opposed
immigrationn?
- What novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852, was undoubtedly
the most effective antislavery propaganda ever published? The title
character refers to a kindly, religious slave who, in being passed from
owner to owner, and experiences both the worst and the best of Southern
slave owners.
- What was one of the provisions of the North–South Compromise of 1850,
designed to foil the underground railroad by which 1,000 to 1,500 slaves
were escaping their masters each year?
- What term referred to a farmer who works his own farm? Thomas Jefferson
considered them to be the most important group in the democratic republic.
- What term was used by the Mormons to describe their “promised land”
where they could prosper and live without persecution?
- Which semitropical plant produces white, fluffy fibers that could be made into
textiles? Two main types were grown in the United States: Long-staple type
produced high-quality fiber and had a smooth seed that was easy to remove,
but it required a longer growing season and a higher moisture level. It was
produced along the Southeast coast of the United States and on the Sea
Islands off Georgia and South Carolina. The short-staple type was hardier
and could be produced throughout a large part of the Deep South. The main
problem with it was that the sticky, dark seed had to be removed by hand,
taking one day for a person to clean a pound of short-staple type.
- Which free black carpenter and Methodist preacher (1767?–1822)
in Charleston organized an abortive slave rebellion in 1822? He had been
a seaman as a boy and intended for the rebel slaves to seize ships and
sail for Haiti. An informer betrayed the conspiracy, and the ringleaders
were hanged.
- What term was used to describe people who opposed the expansion of
slavery into the territories? It came from the name of a small political party in
the election of 1848.
- What term refers to acting in good faith?
- What were laws enacted by 9 Northern states to prohibit the use of state
laws facilities such as jails or law officers in the recapture of fugitive slaves?
- What was the concept whereby settlers of each territory would decide for
themselves whether to allow slavery or earlier it referred to the theory that
all power must be derived from the people themselves?
- Who was perhaps the most capable Democratic politician of the 1850s, he
would certainly have been a more constructive president than either
Franklin Pierce or James Buchanan, both of whom the party chose in
preference to him?
- Who was determined to soothe sectional animosities, but aggravated
them so badly with his Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 that, even in 1860,
when he might well have won the presidential election, Southern
Democrats rejected him and split the party?
- What was Henry Clay’s name for the laws he drafted to resolve the sectional
crisis of 1850 with compromise between militantly proslavery Southern
congressmen and antislavery Northerners, both abolitionists and Free
Soilers? Clay’s bill addressed all differences between proslavery and
antislavery Americans and required each side to make concessions. In the
end, all of Clay’s proposals were adopted, but not as a single act of
Congress.
- What is the legislator’s term for a (usually unrelated) clause that is
attached to a bill already under consideration in Congress or in a state
assembly?
- What attachment to an army appropriations bill in 1846, at the beginning of
the war with Mexico, by Democratic congressman from Pennsylvsania,
providing that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in
any lands taken from Mexico?
- The formation of what political party was inspired by the Wilmot Proviso,
particularly after the House of Representatives approved it and attached
the Wilmot Proviso to 50 bills during and after the war? Each time, the
proviso was removed in the Senate mostly by the Southern senators.
- What adjective was the antislavery Northerners’ political reference to the
violence in Kansas Territory between free-state and slave-state settlers
that began in the wake of the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854?
- What appellation referred to the seizure of the federal arsenal at Harper’s
Ferry, Virginia, by a small band of men led by which abolitionist in the
fall of 1859?
- What was the derisive name for the American Party of the 1850s, an anti-
immigration and anti-Catholic movement that won control of several states
between 1852 and 1854, electing 43 members to Congress?
- What proposed a Kansas state constitution, making Kansas a slave state,
which was submitted to Congress in the fall of 1857?
- What declaration was signed in 1854 by the American ministers to Spain,
France, and Britain, recommending to President Pierce that the United
States should offer to buy Cuba from Spain for $120 million and, if Spain
should refuse, take Cuba by force?
- In politics after 1854, what term referred to the principle of the Kansas–
Nebraska Act that a majority of the settlers of Kansas (and other territories)
would decide by majority vote whether they would enter the Union as slave
states or as free states?
- What term refers to the closing of a country’s harbors by enemy ships to
prevent trade and commerce, especially to prevent traffic in military
supplies?
- What term referred to a Southern farmer who owned more than 20 slaves?
- What term referred to the act of a state withdrawing from the Union? South
Carolina was the first state to attempt to do this in 1860 though it had
threatened such decades action before.
- What term was used to describe slaves who came within the Union lines? It
first was used by General Benjamin Butler in the James River area in 1861.
- What term was used by some Republicans to describe Peace Democrats,
implying that they were traitors to the Union. Peace Democrats thought that
the war was a failure and should be abandoned.
- What term was used during the Civil War that referred to forcing men to
serve in the military?
- What portion of the Confederate conscription law exempted from the draft
one white man on every plantation owning 20 or more slaves? The law’s
purpose was to exempt overseers or owners which would ensure discipline
over the slaves and keep up production. It was regarded as discrimination
by non-slaveholding families.
- What appellation was used to refer to paper money issued by the federal
government during the Civil war to help pay war expenses?
- What is any type of money that the government requires everyone to accept
at face value?
- What was the cone-shaped lead bullet whose base expanded upon firing.
when used during the Civil War?
- What was the presidential order of September 22, 1862, stating that all
slaves in territory controlled by rebels as of January 1, 1863, were
henceforth free under American law?
- What was the world’s first ironclad warship introduced by the Confederate
navy in March 1862 to break the blockade of the Chesapeake Bay by
wooden vessels?
.
- What was adopted by Congress in May 1862, giving 160 acres of federal
land free to any citizen or immigrant intending to become a citizen who
agreed to build a dwelling, live on the land, and cultivate it?
- What was the code name for the Union plan for victory in the Civil War.
Involved strangling the Confederacy into submission by keeping goods from
reaching Southern residents?
- What term refers to the right of an individual to obtain a legal document as
protection against illegal imprisonment?
- What is governmental rule by a military force rather than by civilians? Most
often, it is used in emergency situations.
- What were the two (2) major 1863 battles that were the turning point for the
Union, assuring the Union control of the lower Mississippi River and halting
the northernmost intrusion by Confederate armies?
- a) b)
F I N I S (Latin For Finished or Completed)
