English homework help

English homework help.

Length

  • 750-850 words for the pattern word count. Do not include a) your Bibliography or b) front/end matter of the letter or the word count from long quotes in your word count. Avoid long quotations; do not use these to puff up your word count.
  • Include the word count of the pattern at the bottom of your final page, as shown: [word count xxx]

Delivery Mechanism

  • A formal TW-pattern letter
  • Your title is “University of Washington Student” or some other actual role you currently have in relation to this topic.
  • Your reader is a real person with actual authority or influence with regard to the topic. Pick a person who would be able to DO something about the topic, having adopted your thesis.  You will need to do a little research to choose the most appropriate reader.

Organization

INTRODUCTION GUIDELINES

The introduction has 2 purposes: first, to bring the reader up to speed, acquainting them with what they need to know in order to understand the thesis.  This background, when properly presented (with citations), also bolsters the writer’s credibility, making it more likely that they will respect your right to even hold a position.
For example, the reader may have some idea that Edward Snowden leaked US government secrets.  But they will not remember exactly what and how many documents Snowden leaked, when this happened, whom the documents were shared with, or how long he has been in detention, facing extradition.
Depending on the topic you are writing about, background on the topic may include

  • History of the topic
  • Current situation
  • Definitions of key terms
  • Controversies or the position of the other side of the argument (e.g., “proponents of the southern border wall claim …” in a document where the writer’s position (thesis) is “The United States Congress should refuse to fund the southern border wall.”)
  • Facts, numbers, percentages
  • Geographic location.

The second purpose of the introduction is to present the position the reader wants to persuade the reader to adopt: this is the thesis.
 
Effective thesis statements are

  • Debatable and, in some cases, controversial. Thus, statements of fact or commonly agreed principles do not make a good thesis.  “Murder is bad” or “STEM needs more women” are not good thesis statements.
  • Clear and direct, as a result of
    • Avoiding the passive voice
    • Arguing or proposing a concrete course of action by a specific party or entity
    • Not including an “and,” “or,” or “than” – all of which complicates the issue makes a thesis more difficult to prove.
    • Not beginning the arguments or supports
    • Not arguing that X is “good” or “bad” or “better than Y” (which drifts into C/C).
    • Arguing to broadly (e.g., “The world needs peace.”)
    • Presenting a fact as a thesis.

 
Example of a passive voice thesis (DO NOT DO THIS):  Tuition should be lowered.
Instead write:  The Washington State Legislation should reduce tuition at public universities.
Example of a vague thesis (DO NOT DO THIS): Tuition should be lower.  OR Tuition is too high.
These statements may be true, but so what?  Since there is no concrete proposal or course of action in this thesis, the reader may agree and then just shrug their shoulders.  A thesis like this is a little like saying “it’s too bad that people die.”
For this assignment, your thesis is the last sentence of the introduction and typed in boldface to clearly identify it.
BODY GUIDELINES
For this pattern, use the 3×3+1 structure, as follows:
3 arguments
Each argument begins with a clear heading summarizing the argument.  Argument headings should be

  • Short, grammatically complete statements
  • Pass the logical “because” test
  • Be grammatically and logically parallel to the other argument headings, as much as possible (see the sample outline in the #3 pre-writing assignment).

Each argument heading is followed by the “plus-one” paragraph; this is a short (~1-2-sentence) paragraph summarizing the argument and explaining why it proves the thesis is true.
 
The plus-one paragraph is followed by 3 supports:

  • Use supports to present information, facts, numbers, etc. from your library research that support the argument and, thus, prove the thesis is true.
  • Write medium-short bulleted paragraphs (indented, with .6 space between each bullet).
  • Begin each support paragraph with a fact (information).
  • Begin supports 2 and 3 within an argument with a transition.
  • Conclude each support with an analysis, in the final sentence, connecting the information in the support to the argument or the thesis.

 
FURTHER TIPS for WRITING THE BODY

  • Avoid logical fallacies in your arguments (attacking the opposition, either-or logic, cherry-picking, etc.)
  • Do not refute the opposing view explicitly, i.e., do not practice “concession.” NOTE: Although persuasive writing may engage and counter the opposing viewpoints, do not do this for Assignment #3; this way, you can focus on presenting your compelling logic and research.
  • Do not use the same source for all the supports in the same argument section (or multiple arguments). This is “patch writing,” not original thinking. Being over reliant on too few sources also undermines you, by making it look like you stopped at the first source(s) you found, instead of doing a better research job.
  • Include headers/footers: a header on pages 2+ that is either a description (“Letter to xxx regarding yyy”) or your thesis; footers are for page numbers, generally.
    NOTE: The alignment for the header and footer must always work together: left/left, left/right, center/center, right/right.

 
CONCLUSION
The purpose of the conclusion is to move the issue forward, not to rehash the arguments.  Effective conclusions have 3 components:

  • A topic sentence that elegantly rephrases the thesis.
  • A future orientation. Strategies include
    • A call to action (avoid 2nd POV)
    • A thoughtful, brief proposal for a next step (or steps) to begin the process of instituting or accomplishing the thesis.
    • A powerful statement of the “stakes” or importance of adopting and implementing the thesis.

Do not

  • Restate or summarize the arguments (this is a waste of the reader’s time, particularly in a short document).
  • Add new arguments or evidence (supports) for your thesis.

 

POV and Tone

TONE: Maintain a formal tone throughout.  This supports your credibility and authority, establishing you as a serious thinker whose whose research and arguments should be taken seriously.
POV: In keeping with the strict formal tone, the POV for this paper is 3rd throughout.

  • Do not use 1st POV; it undermines a position or argument to write “in my opinion” or “I believe”; further, this is obviously your position/arguments, so this language wastes words.
  • Do not use 2nd The reader may resist being “roped in” with the use of “you.”  Be especially careful to not break into 2nd POV in the Conclusion, for your call to action or “next steps.”
  • REMINDER: These guidelines are for the pattern.   As the sample paper shows, it is conventional to use both 1st and 2nd person in the letter purpose statement and next steps.

, minimize these shifts, and be sure that only 3rd POV is used when you are attempting to persuade the reader.

Design and TW Format

  • Deploy C.R.A.P. principles in an effective, but formal design.
  • Use Word styles for headings.
  • Use headers for pages 2 and beyond.
  • Use footers with page numbers.

Bibliography, Citations and Sources

  • MLA only for this paper (in-text references and bibliographic references)
  • You have the option of including a comprehensive Bibliography of all works you looked at in the preparation of your paper. Include all entries, even if you did not cite them in your paper.
  • Alternatively, you may prepare a Works Cited list.
  • Locate the Bibliography/Works Cited after the salutation at the end of the letter and on the same page (no page break).
  • Your Bibliography/Works Cited must contain a minimum of 5 sources found through library databases. These sources do not have to come from peer-reviewed journals, but all must be reputable sources.
  • Indicate which database you found the source in, as shown on this page (see “An Article from an Online Database”) : https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_works_cited_electronic_sources.html
  • You must cite a minimum of 5 library database sources in the text of your document.
  • Include the URLs (or doi) and the date you accessed the source.
  • Avoid wordy in-text citations to notify the reader of the source, for example: “According to blah, blah, and blah, in their article “x and y plus z” found in ABC magazine, the authors say, “quote.” That’s 21 words the reader does not want or need to read!

See turn-in instructions and due dates on canvas.

English homework help

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